{"product_id":"joseon-dynasty-celadon-ceramic-figure-burial-goods-pair-407776681","title":"[BUNJANG] Joseon Dynasty Celadon Ceramic Figure Burial Goods (Pair) \/ 백자철화인물형명기(한쌍2점)","description":"This is a pair of celadon ceramic figures from the Joseon Dynasty, characterized by their iron-painted human forms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e**What are Burial Goods (Myeonggi)?**\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMyeonggi are grave goods created as effigies of people, animals, vessels, or structures to be placed in tombs for the afterlife. They were used by the royal family and aristocracy in the Joseon Dynasty as ritual objects for a certain period.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe history of Myeonggi evolved as a substitute for human sacrifice (sunjang), which was practiced in ancient times in China, the Three Kingdoms period, and other regions. In strict social hierarchies, royalty and the upper classes desired to be served even in the afterlife. While human sacrifice appeared in China from the Yin and Zhou dynasties through the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Myeonggi as grave goods became prominent from the Han Dynasty. Confucius viewed human sacrifice as inhumane and advocated for wooden figures as a replacement.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis practice of human sacrifice also existed in Korea during the Three Kingdoms period. The Samguk Sagi records that King Dongcheon of Goguryeo prohibited human sacrifice upon his death, as many of his subjects wished to be buried with him. In the early 6th century, Silla issued a decree banning human sacrifice, ending a custom that had lasted for over 200 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the Joseon Dynasty, the use of Myeonggi as grave goods gained momentum as part of Confucian ritual practices and national systems. Myeonggi are known to have been produced since the time of King Sejong of Joseon. The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty and the Five Rites (Oryeui) provide detailed information on the types, quantities, and contents of grains placed in Myeonggi. The quantity of Myeonggi buried was restricted according to social rank. The Joseon royal family actively adopted the Myeonggi system based on Confucian principles of burial rites.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the 16th century, it became common for the aristocracy to also use Myeonggi. However, as difficulties in producing Myeonggi arose due to wartime conflicts, the custom of using them in funerals gradually declined.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNotable examples of ancient Myeonggi include the 'Pottery Horse-Riding Figure Burial Goods' unearthed from Geumnyeongchong Tomb of the Silla period, designated as National Treasure No. 91, which many have seen in museums.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMyeonggi were limited to the ruling class, such as the Joseon royal family and aristocracy, serving as valuable historical materials for understanding Confucian burial customs. They were conceived as a substitute for the human sacrifice practices of the Three Kingdoms period, began to be used in the early Joseon period, and were legally established nationwide.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe use of Myeonggi presupposes a belief in the afterlife. The cessation of their use indicates a shift in consciousness, where the afterlife was no longer acknowledged or considered important. This suggests a potential difference in the perspectives on ancestral spirits and the afterlife between the Confucianism applied to funeral customs in the early Joseon period and that of the later Joseon period. Furthermore, changes in the forms and styles of Myeonggi according to ceramic technology over different periods are also noteworthy. Therefore, Myeonggi hold historical, ethnographic, and art historical significance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e**Note on Value:**\u003cbr\u003eAuthentic Myeonggi, depending on condition, rarity, and artistic merit, can command significant prices. During peak economic periods, a pair of rare human figure Myeonggi, accompanied by an appraisal certificate, could be valued between at least 1 to 2 million Korean Won per piece, with significant pairs recently trading for over 3 million Korean Won.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile I believe these to be authentic based on my experience, I cannot provide an absolute guarantee as I am not a certified appraiser. The price reflects this uncertainty. I am offering them at a considerably reduced price, with the assurance that they are not recent fakes. If certainty is paramount, it is advisable to purchase items with official appraisal certificates.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e백자명기白磁明器:높이10.3cm 9..6cm\u003cbr\u003e연대:조선초중기(진품추정)\u003cbr\u003e재질:철화도자기인형\u003cbr\u003e상태:가마흔적의 붙음현상외 완천함\u003cbr\u003e미감정상태 이며 개인안목의 추정은 진품으로 관찰됩니다\u003cbr\u003e감정이 나올꺼로 봅니다(실력이 없어 100% 보장은\u003cbr\u003e못해드리는 점.죄송하며~\u003cbr\u003e다만 국적은 동시대의 중국기물도 유사풍습이 있었기에\u003cbr\u003e감정결과는 다를수 있으며~진품보장이 제시된 가격이\u003cbr\u003e아니기에 구매자님의 재산상 엄청난 손실이 야기 될수\u003cbr\u003e있는점 유의 하시기 바랍니다\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cbr\u003e백자철화인물형명기 한 쌍입니다\u003cbr\u003e철화 기법으로 인물 형상을 표현한 것이 특징입니다\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cbr\u003e명기란?\u003cbr\u003e죽은 사람의 내세를 위해 사람,동물,그릇,시설 등을 모형\u003cbr\u003e으로 만들어 무덤에 넣어주는 부장품(꺼묻거리)으로서\u003cbr\u003e조선시대 왕실과 사대부계층에서 일정기간 사용한\u003cbr\u003e의례용품\u003cbr\u003e명기의 역사는 순장(옛날에는 중국을 비롯 삼국시대등\u003cbr\u003e산사람을 생매장 하기도 하였음)을 대체하여 고안된\u003cbr\u003e부장품이다\u003cbr\u003e엄격한 신분제 사회에서 왕실이나 상류층들은 죽은 후에\u003cbr\u003e도 내세에 봉양 받기를 바랐다~\u003cbr\u003e중국에서 순장은 은殷.주周.춘추전국시대에 이르기까지\u003cbr\u003e순장이 나타나는데 부장품으로 명기가 본격적으로 등장\u003cbr\u003e한 것은 한대漢代부터이다\u003cbr\u003e공자 께서는 순장이 사람답지 못하다고 여겼으며~\u003cbr\u003e나무인형을 만들어 순장을 대신하자고 하였다\u003cbr\u003e순장풍속은 우리나라 삼국시대에도 있었다\u003cbr\u003e삼국사기에는 고구려 동천왕이 사망할 당시 그의 신하들\u003cbr\u003e가운데 스스로 묻히려는 자가 많아 순장을 금지하였다는\u003cbr\u003e기록이 있다\u003cbr\u003e6세기 초 신라는 순장금지령을 내려 200여 년간  계속된\u003cbr\u003e풍속이 사라졌다...\u003cbr\u003e조선시대로 내려오면 부장품으로 명기를 사용하는 것이\u003cbr\u003e성리학에 기초한 가례의 한 부분이자 국가적 제도로서\u003cbr\u003e탄력을 받았다\u003cbr\u003e조선 세종 때부터 명기가 제작되었다고 알려져 있는데\u003cbr\u003e세종실록.오례의(五禮儀)에는 명기의 종류와 수량.명기\u003cbr\u003e에 담는 오곡의 내용에 대해서도 자세히 쓰여있다\u003cbr\u003e품계의 신분에 따라 명기의 부장수량을 제한하였다\u003cbr\u003e조선 왕실에서는 성리학에 근거한 유교식 상장례로 명기\u003cbr\u003e제도를 마련하여 이를 적극적으로 수용하였다\u003cbr\u003e16세기에는 사대부층 까지 명기를 만들어 사용하는 것이\u003cbr\u003e일반화되었는데.전란을 겪으며 명기 제작이 어려워지자\u003cbr\u003e점차 명기를 사용하는 장례풍속이 소멸하기 시작했다\u003cbr\u003e오래된 명기 로는 여러분 께서 박물관에서 보시던~\u003cbr\u003e대표적인 명기로는 국보 제91호인 신라시대 금령총에서\u003cbr\u003e출토된 '도기 기마인물형 명기'가 있습니다\u003cbr\u003e명기는 조선시대 왕실이나 사대부 등 일부 지배계층에\u003cbr\u003e한정된 부장품으로서 유교의 상장례 풍속을 살펴보는데\u003cbr\u003e귀중한 자료이다\u003cbr\u003e명기는 삼국시대 순장풍습의 대체물로 고안되어 조선\u003cbr\u003e초기에 사용되기 시작하여 국가적으로 법제화 되었다\u003cbr\u003e명기의 사용은 필시 내세를 인정한다는 전제에서\u003cbr\u003e가능하므로,명기가 사용되다가 중단된 것은 내세를 인정\u003cbr\u003e하지 않거나 중요하지 않은 것으로 인식하는 의식의\u003cbr\u003e전환이 일어났다는 뜻이다\u003cbr\u003e조선 전기 장례 풍속에 적용된 유교와 조선 후기 장례\u003cbr\u003e풍속에 적용된 유교가 조상의 영혼과 내세에 관해 상당\u003cbr\u003e히 다른 관점을 보였을 가능성을 말해준다.또한,\u003cbr\u003e시기별 도자 기술에 따른 명기의 형태나 양식의 변화도\u003cbr\u003e주목할 수 있다.따라서 명기는 역사.민속.미술사적\u003cbr\u003e의의를 지닌다~\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cbr\u003e참고로 진품의 명기 거래호가는 상태나 희소성,예술성\u003cbr\u003e에 따라 약간씩의 차이는 있으나 예전 호경기의 가격\u003cbr\u003e시세는 인물형 명기의 귀한 수량가치로 한점당 감정서가\u003cbr\u003e동반 되는 호가는 최소 1백만원~2백만원 정도로\u003cbr\u003e의미있는 한쌍의 경우 최근시세도 보통 3백만원 이상\u003cbr\u003e거래 되었음을 추가 설명드립니다\u003cbr\u003e진품이라 생각하고 말씀 드리나~개인의 경험상 추정\u003cbr\u003e이기에 진품보장의 명시를 적시하지 못하였습니다\u003cbr\u003e제 안목이 100% 감정사의 실력이 되지는 못합니다\u003cbr\u003e그점 양해말씀 드리며,상당히 저렴하게 드리고저\u003cbr\u003e제시 하였으며~얼렁뚱땅 근래가품은 아니란 양심의 설명\u003cbr\u003e함께 합니다\u003cbr\u003e결과에 원망 하신다면 감정서가 제시된 유물을 구입\u003cbr\u003e하시는게 바람직 합니다\u003cbr\u003e구매자님께 좋은결과의 행운이 함께 하시길 바라옵니다~\u003cbr\u003e감사합니다","brand":"bunjang_general","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48542374756601,"sku":"BJ-407776681","price":338.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0660\/2591\/4617\/files\/407776681_1_1781752492_w856.webp?v=1781762876","url":"https:\/\/hallyusuperstore.com\/ja\/products\/joseon-dynasty-celadon-ceramic-figure-burial-goods-pair-407776681","provider":"HALLYUSUPERSTORE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}